Mid-level interview question
You're under 60 requests a minute but still get 429s. Why?
Model answer
Limits use a token bucket: capacity refills continuously, so short bursts can be rejected even when the per-minute total is fine. Smooth bursts, wait at least retry-after with backoff, separate batch from live traffic, and use prompt caching, which for most Claude models doesn't count toward input-token limits.
Practise the rest
6 Budgets questions, 492 in all, each with a model answer. Free.